Beowulf, Christianity, and Paganism Essay - 963 Words

Beowulf, Christianity, and Paganism The poem Beowulf is a renowned story that displays many different surroundings and religious beliefs. Some may believe the story of Beowulf portrays pagan beliefs or customs and others believe that the poem is more in agreement with Christian ethnicity. The author of Beowulf uses both Christian and pagan elements in the poem to define the heroic warrior, Beowulf, and the evil dragons. After reading Beowulf the author clearly shows how Beowulf is a man who is filled with Christian customs and is willing to die and defend the world against evil using the help of God. Beowulf’s courage and faith can be seen throughout the entire poem. The author shows what the other characters thought of†¦show more content†¦This quote clearly shows the reference back to the Bible. It explains how the author uses Grendel as one of the offspring’s of Cain whom killed his brother Abel. Beowulf was the one warrior who was able to stop Grendel. Beowulf travels to Grendel’s lair in the marsh with some of his finest soldiers. When Beowulf and his men met Grendel the weapons of Beowulf’s army became dull from a spell. The weapons could not scratch the skin of Grendel. Beowulf used the faith from God to defeat Grendel without the use of weapons. Beowulf was able to hold onto Grendel’s arms until they were ripped off. Beowulf put his life at risk by using his courage and faith to overcome Grendel. Another evil that Beowulf was able to concur using the help of God was Grendel’s Mother. Grendel’s Mother was furious about the death of her only son and came into Hrothgar’s kingdom. While in the kingdom she captured one of Hrothgar’s men and devoured him. Before Grendel’s mother flees she takes the arm of her son which is hanging in the hall as a trophy. Beowulf then takes his men along with Hrothgar’s to the cave in which Grendel’s mother lives. The author shows Beowulf’s courage in lines 607-611, â€Å"I’ve never known fear, as a youth I foughtShow MoreRelatedChristianity And Paganism In Beowulf1005 Words   |  5 Pageshero named Beowulf. Beowulf is an epic poem about good versus evil written by an anonymous Christian monk. Paganism was the Geats first religion, and once Christianity became introduced, the religion slowly shifted from paganism to Christianity. Beowulf has successfully exhibited the transition from paganism to Christianity. The epic poem has a shift from Christianity to paganism throughout the poem. There are many symbolic examples that successfully display the transition from paganism to ChristianityRead MoreChristianity And Paganism In Beowulf775 Words   |  4 Pages In Beowulf the differences between Heorot and Grendel’s swamp are personified through setting descriptions, religious context and Beowulf’s heroic traits compared with Grendel’s anathematic characteristics by highlighting the major conflicts between Christianity and Paganism, emphasizing the contrast of man against monster. Christian ideas are ingrained in different characters, the glorious and brave Beowulf exemplifies good Christian values, while Grendel personifies evil in a devil-like characterRead MoreEssay on Beowulf (Christianity vs. Paganism)689 Words   |  3 PagesChristianity vs. Paganism In the story of Beowulf, there is a noticeable struggle between Christianity and Paganism, and the characters personal battle between the two. Throughout the story the characters display actions that lead towards Paganism and Christianity. Contrary to Pagan belief Beowulf is seen as the epitome of good and beneficent to all of mankind. In Beowulf, the people showed their faith and love in God, however due to horrific events, paranoia caused them to look for a quickRead MoreEssay about Beowulf (Christianity vs. Paganism)664 Words   |  3 Pages Christianity vs. Paganism nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the story of Beowulf, there is a noticeable struggle between Christianity and Paganism, and the characters personal battle between the two. Throughout the story the characters display actions that lead towards Paganism and Christianity. Contrary to Pagan belief Beowulf is seen as the epitome of good and beneficent to all of mankind. In Beowulf, the people showed their faith and love in God, however due to horrific events, paranoia causedRead More Christianity and Paganism in the Epic of Beowulf Essay1800 Words   |  8 PagesChristianity and Paganism in Beowulf The story of Beowulf shows the effect of the spread of Christianity in the early Danish paganistic society that values heroic deeds and bravery above all else. The mythical creatures that Beowulf kills with his supernatural strength make the story into an epic celebrating the life of a great hero. However, blending in among Beowulfs triumphs against the three key creatures, we also see Christian virtues being instilled upon the listeners. The goodRead MorePaganism and Christianity in Beowulf Essay examples1414 Words   |  6 PagesBeowulf is an epic poem that centers around the hero Beowulf, a Geat from Sweden who crosses the sea to Denmark in a heroic quest to save King Hrothgar, king of the Danes and the builder of Herot, and his men from the demonic monster Grendel who kills and feasts on Hrothgar’s warriors. Beowulf’s adventure does not end when he defeats Grendel though, he must also kill Grendel’s mother because she seeks revenge for her son’s death. Once Beowulf kills Grendel’s mother, he goes home and soon becomesRead MoreHow Christianity and Paganism Coexisted in Beowulf Essay634 Words   |  3 PagesBeowulf is a great example of how Christian beliefs and pagan views could coexists so well in a poem. The poem Beowulf written by an unknown Christian monk around A.D. 700 compares the beliefs of many to the new beliefs that are beginning to form around the world. The poem shows how the people of the time thought about their world and how the things around them happened and they think that the devil controls these things.In Beowulf, we explore both Christian and pagan beliefs, and how they were ableRead MoreTheme Of Christian And Pagan Elements In Beowulf978 Words   |  4 Pageselements Beowulf was written during the time that society was in the process of converting from Paganism to Christianity. Early Christianity developed in the Roman Empire, where many religions were practiced and formed into paganism. Paganism is commonly used to refer to various, largely unconnected religions and beliefs from that time period. Beowulf was written in England between the 8th and 11th century. The name of the author is unknown, but referred to as the Beowulf Poet. Beowulf is consideredRead MoreThe Dream Of The Rood And Beowulf1488 Words   |  6 Pagespieces â€Å"The Dream of the Rood† and Beowulf there are two powerful kings being represented that are set in overlapping values that benefit their true courageous deeds. Both are considered good, but do they mean the same thing in Christianity and paganism contexts? Specifically, the two pieces both fuse together Christian and pagan ideals to show their two powerful kings represented in two completely different manners. In the literary work Beowulf the character Beowulf is known as the king along withRead MorePaganism In Beowulf953 Words   |  4 PagesThe Impact of Christianity and Paganism in Beowulf Beowulf was composed when England was transitioning from a pagan to a Christian culture. In chapter 3 of A Little History of Literature, it is said that Beowulf was likely written by a Christian monk who inserted Christian themes into the story. This is why Beowulf reflects both Christian and pagan views. These two religions and their elements affect the story in different ways. There are pagan views of fate and fame in Beowulf, but there are

Explication of Theme in Flannery OConnors A Good Man is...

In Flannery O’Connor’s â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find,† a family of six set out on a vacation to Florida while an extremely dangerous criminal is on the loose. The family takes the grandmother, who is outraged that the family is traveling while The Misfit is scanning the countryside. Throughout the short story, O’Connor drops many hints to the reader, ultimately leading to the terrifying climax. Foreshadowing is more commonly noticed the second time a story is read as opposed to the first. Readers will pick up on the hints that foreshadow the events to come. Foreshadowing is used when grandmother mentions The Misfit in the opening paragraph, when grandmother dresses formally in case of an accident, and when the graves are noticed in the†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Her collars and cuffs were white organdy trimmed with lace and at her neckline she had pinned a purple spray of cloth violets containing a sachet. In case of an accident, anyone seeing her dead on the highway would know at once that she was a lady.† (394). Grandmother’s actions suggest that an accident will happen later in the story. â€Å"In case of an accident, anyone seeing her dead on the highway† suggests that the results of this accident could be fatal for grandmother or even worse, the entire family. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The last point in which foreshadowing occurs is when the family takes the overgrown country road past the cottonfield to get to the plantation. â€Å"They passed a large cottonfield with five or six graves fenced in the middle of it, like a small island.†Look at the graveyard!† grandmother said, pointing it out. â€Å"That was the old family burying ground. That belonged to the plantation.’† (395). O’Connor suggests that five or six bodies are to be buried very soon. Reading the story a second time could help the reader notice that the number of empty graves matches the numbers of family members in the vehicle. â€Å"‘Look at the graveyard!† grandmother said, pointing it out† suggests that the author wants the reader to pay close attention toShow MoreRelatedEssay on A Good Man is Hard to Find by Flannery OConnor1564 Words   |  7 PagesA Good Man is Hard to Find by Flannery OConnor A Good Man is Hard to Find is an extremely powerful commentary that elucidates Flannery OConnors opinions about religion and society. Like the majority of her other works, A Good Man is Hard to Find has attracted many interpretations based on Christian dogma (Bandy 1). These Christian explications are justified because Miss OConnor is notorious for expressing Catholic doctrines through her fiction. Once she even remarked I see fromRead MoreGothic Literature : The Southern Gothic Fiction1476 Words   |  6 Pagesactivity and/or brutality. These writings are fraught with gender bias and typically centered on common southern themes such as the downfall of the southern upper class and the futility of the southern plantation. Southern gothic style attempts to uncover social issues specific to the south with the use of ghoulish and ironic events, disturbing and damaged characters, and grotesque themes ultimately revealing a less than desirable culture. Perverted countryside settin gs became the norm, with southernRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagesresolved is one within the protagonist’s psyche or personality. External conflict may reflect a basic opposition between man and nature (such as in Jack London’s famous short story â€Å"To Build a Fire† or Ernest Hemingway’s â€Å"The Old Man and the Sea†) or between man and society (as in Richard Wright’s â€Å"The Man Who Was Almost a Man†). It may also take the form of an opposition between man and man (between the protagonist and a human adversary, the antagonist), as, for example, in most detective fiction. Internal

Citizenship and Governance Free Essays

Every individual contributes to the making and unmaking of governments and society. While certain individuals don’t necessarily engage in activities which contribute to the interests of the society they live in and governments which preside over it, most don’t exactly contribute to the detriment of the system and institutions which they belong to either. In response to Aristotle’s idea of what a citizen is and should constitute, in which he pronounces that one is only to be identified as such if he or she has the capacity and time for governance; I believe it overlooks other relevant duties and responsibilities an individual has and will continually have, as well as the multi-dimensional aspects of humanity which need not solely be confined to the instance of keeping to strictures and to public governance. We will write a custom essay sample on Citizenship and Governance or any similar topic only for you Order Now I believe that as a working wife and mother, I reserve the right to be afforded the term â€Å"citizen;† as do every parent who has to juggle domestic and familial duties with career and paid work. The bulk of necessary responsibilities and obligations which fall on people such as myself discounts me from finding the time or capacity to engage in matters concerning national governance, but that shouldn’t deprive me of being acknowledged as a citizen of this country. The necessary duties and obligations I may have to society and to government is necessarily fulfilled in looking after my children, and ensuring that they grow up to be responsible citizens and individuals like myself; and by participating in the work force or labor system, I don’t believe my effort falls short of what is to be generally expected of any and every individual in this country. Ultimately, there’s more than one thing to consider when it comes to regarding and acknowledging an individual’s apparent â€Å"citizenship† and significance to his or her country; and it is not, and should not be confined solely to one’s involvement in public governance. How to cite Citizenship and Governance, Papers

The Program Food Safety

Questions : 1.What are the 3 Elements of the Audit System Discuss each ? 2.List and discuss each of the components of food programs as required by food safety regulators ? 3.Describe the regulatory requirements for food safety audits ? 4.List and describe the components of hazard analysis documentation ? 5.List and describe the components of food hazard control procedures ? 6.Define and describe the following terms ? A.Corrective action B.Initial audit C.System audit D.Non-conformance E.Critical action request 7.What structural and implementation options are available for food safety programs? Answers : Answer 1 The audit system involves three noteworthy components. These are: The food security auditor endorsement procedure: The audit system lays three food wellbeing auditor stages and suitable rules as per which candidates ought to be evaluated. The classification guarantees that auditors possess the fitting capabilities necessary to review food security programs (Meat and Livestock Australia, 2015). The audit progression: The audit procedure plots the part and duties of food security auditors plus portrays an audit approach in view of a global custom. The audit management arrangement: The administration method depends on a global standard and includes the improvement of arrangements and strategies to guarantee the respectability of the audit arrangement. Answer 2 A food security program should: systematically distinguish the potential hazards that might be sensibly anticipated that would happen in all food taking care of operations of the food business; recognize where, in a food taking care of operation, every hazard recognized under passage (a) can be controlled and the method for control (Merritt et al 2011); accommodate the systematic observing of those controls; accommodate fitting restorative activity when that hazard, or each of those hazards, is observed not to be under control; accommodate the consistent survey of the program by the food business to guarantee its sufficiency; and Portray the administrative necessities for food wellbeing audits Answer 3 In spite of the fact that food guidelines for topics like the naming and synthesis of food are broadly homogeneous, there were no broadly homogeneous food cleanliness controls in Australia in anticipation of ANZFSC consented to the appropriation of rules 3.1.1, 3.2.2 and 3.2.3 of July 2000. Every region and province presently has its private cleanliness controls prompting to countrywide irregularity. In a few purviews presented controls are old-fashioned and wrong for present day hones. Regional government boards are likewise ready to make statutes or laws to control food organizations, which exacerbates the absence of reliability involving purviews. In the recent administrative environment, approved officers review food organizations for consistence against the proper State and Territory controls. ANZFA's asked for transforms to the contemporary administrative atmosphere intend to make a deterrent ethnicity to food security. In case Standard 3.2.1 is endorsed by ANZFSC as an obligat ory standard in the wake of considering the results of the DHAC ponder, organizations will be legitimately vital to find a way to be in charge of food security hazards via the improvement and upkeep of a food wellbeing program in view of HACCP standards. This tactic needs the food trade to assume liability for the readiness of harmless food, rather than depending on approved officers to recognize issues inside the food business (Hunt, 2013). Answer 4 The HACCP system: The HACCP arrangement is science supported and systematic, distinguishes exact hazards and procedures for their control to guarantee the safekeeping of food (WHO, 2010). Definitions: the definitions included include Control (verb), Control (thing), Control measure, Corrective activity, Critical Control Point (CCP), Critical breaking point Deviation, Plow outline, HACCP, HACCP arrangement, Hazard, Hazard examination Steps, Validation, Verification Rules of the HACCP system: The HACCP system comprises of the accompanying seven standards: Rule 1- perform a hazard examination. Rule 2 - agree on the Critical Control Points (CCPs) Rule 3- ascertain basic limit(s) Rule 4 - ascertain a structure to review the CCP control Rule 5- ascertain the remedial move to be made when observing demonstrates that a specific CCP is not within control Rule 6- ascertain methodology for confirmation to affirm that the HACCP arrangement is effective successfully. Rule 7- ascertain documentation with reference to every system and records suitable to these standards and their appliance - Instructions for the utilization of the HACCP method: Prior to use of HACCP to all the areas of the food chain, that division ought to work as per the Codex General Rules of Food Hygiene, the fitting Codex standards of Practice, and suitable food security enactment. Administration responsibility is fundamental for execution of a viable HACCP system. Amid hazard distinguishing proof, judgment, and consequent procedures in planning and relating HACCP approaches, thought has to be given to the impact of crude materials, fixings, food fabricating hones, component of assembling procedures to deal with hazards, apt end-utilization of the item, classifications of shoppers of concern, and epidemiological affirmation as regards food wellbeing (Nummer, 2013). Application of the HACCP standards: The use of HACCP standards comprises of the accompanying undertakings as distinguished in the Logic Sequence for Application of HACCP (Robertson, 2013): Gather HACCP group express details about item recognize planned utilize make stream chart On-site substantiation of stream chart List every probable hazard connected with every progression, lead a hazard investigation, and think about all the ways to control distinguished hazards (rule 1) Establish Critical Control Points (Rule 2) Ascertain basic cutoff points for all CCPs (Rule 3) Ascertain an observing system for all CCPs (Rule 4) Ascertain remedial activities (Rule 5) Ascertain confirmation techniques (Rule 6) Ascertain credentials and record maintenance (Rule 7) Training: Training of staff in trade, government and in HACCP values and applications, and raising the awareness of purchasers are basic modules for the successful completing of HACCP. Answer 5 There are numerous parts of a decent food security preparing program which ought to be used. The first preparing venture ought to guarantee that the workers comprehend why food security methodology are vital. Accommodate suitable records to be made and kept by the food business exhibiting move made in connection to, or in consistence with, the food security program. ikely to grasp the program. Next on the rundown is the individual cleanliness part. In the event that the representatives comprehend and take after the guidelines of individual cleanliness, they'll be more disposed to take after more perplexing food security prerequisite (Mortimore and Wallace, 2011). Cleaning and sterilizing is the third part. With food security rotating primarily around cleaning and legitimately sterilizing and keeping away from cross sullying with unsafe food, this is a standout amongst the most essential guidelines. Cross-sullying is the following technique that should be secured. Great food security preparing programs stress on the significance of legitimate food stockpiling to forestall cross-defilement. Business must make sure to recognize the risky foods that may bring about sensitivities or foods inclined to convey microbes. It needs to ensure that representatives comprehend why cross-pollution can be hazardous. Knowing how to appropriately store food can likewise help in guarding the clients (OzFoodNet Working Group, 2012). It is vital for workers to take after these guidelines to guarantee foods don't get to be distinctly ruined. Even though it appears to be judgment skills, business needs to keep itself business rat and nuisance free. Be that as it may, while doing as such, it must be wary of the chemicals which are being utilized in the meantime. It is essential for the representatives to be trained on the best possible temperatures in which to get ready, store, and defrost foods to anticipate destructive microscopic organisms development. Additionally, they ought to remember the risk zone and they ought to see how warming and cooling food can be unsafe. Business must not neglect to educate the workers how to utilize a thermometer to check food temperatures (FDA, 2011). Last are the crisis circumstances. In spite of the fact that it's difficult to recognize what will happen later on, it is best that workers be set up for crisis circumstances. Answer 6 A. A move made by a food business/essential food maker to redress a non-conformance or systems deviation to guarantee progressing consistence with its enacted food wellbeing program and applicable administrative plan. B. It is the principal full examination of a food security program to guarantee its sufficiency and usage, including work area and on location auditing (Novotny and Turnlund, 2011). C. The intermittent audit of a food wellbeing program is to guarantee that the food security administration system keeps on being successful in controlling the distinguished food security hazards and guaranteeing the creation of protected and reasonable food. D. There is a lack or a disappointment of a food business to consent to its administered food security program or important administrative plan. E. Its a formal notice to a food business/essential food maker asking for the correction of a non-conformance or systems deviation to guarantee continuous consistence with the administered food security program and pertinent administrative plan. Answer 7 Structural alternatives include: lawful, institutional, authoritative and technical structure Implementation options include: the investigation of the execution of the distinctive parts of the national food security system Identification of the establishments and organizations required in food wellbeing concentrating on their parts and commands, the lawful reason for their work, and level of joint effort and coordination (FSANZ, 2013). Identification of key pointers that could be measured through a food wellbeing observing system for appraisal of patterns and for assessing execution of intercessions. Identification of qualities and shortcomings with extraordinary accentuation on arrangement issues to be tended to in the improvement of strategies and activity arranges. The investigation ought to be of the most elevated quality. The implementation options is vital should be utilized precisely as a part of the way toward leading the investigation, confirming the outcomes and imparting the outcomes at suitable open discussions in setting up the validity of the examination and building agreement on the end product (HACCP Reference Book, 1994). References FDA. 2011. HACCP: A State-of-the-Art Approach to Food Safety. FDA/CFSAN Website.https://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceRegulation/HACCP/default.htm(Updated May 17, 2013). FSANZ. 2013. The 20th Australian Total Diet Study. Food Standards Australia New Zealand, Canberra. Hunt, J.R. 2013. Bioavailability of iron, zinc, and other trace minerals from vegetarian diets. Am.J.Clin.Nutr. 78(3 Suppl):633S-639S. Meat and Livestock Australia 2015. Guidelines for the Safe Manufacture of Smallgoods, 2nd edition, Meat and Livestock Australia. https://www.mla.com.au/Research-and-development/Search-RD-reports/RD-report-details/Product-Integrity/2nd-edition-Guidelines-for-the-SafeManufacture-of-Smallgoods/1152 Merritt T, Combs B and Pingault N. 2011. Campylobacter outbreaks associated with poultry liver dishes. Communicable Diseases Intelligence 35 (4): 299-300. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22624491 Mortimore, S., and Wallace, C. 2011. HACCP. Blackwell Science Ltd. London, UK. Novotny, J.A. and Turnlund, J.R. (2011) Molybdenum intake influences molybdenum kinetics in men. J.Nutr. 137(1):37-42. Nummer BA 2013. Kombucha brewing under the food and drug administration model Food Code: risk analysis and processing guidance. Journal of Environmental Health 76(4):8-11. https://www.thefreelibrary.com/_/print/PrintArticle.aspx?id=349904556 OzFoodNet Working Group 2012. Monitoring the incidence and causes of diseases potentially transmitted by food in Australia: annual report of the OzFoodNet network, 2010. Communicable

Loss Of Faith In free essay sample

# 8220 ; Night # 8221 ; Essay, Research Paper Night is a dramatic book that tells the horror and immorality of the concentration cantonments that many were imprisoned in during World War II. Throughout the book the writer Elie Wiesel, every bit good as many captives, lost their religion in God. There are many illustrations in the beginning of Night where people are seeking to maintain and beef up their religion but there are many more illustrations of people arising against God and burying their faith. The first illustration of Elie fring his religion is when he arrived at Auschwitz. Elie and his male parent are directed to travel to the left. A captive so informs them that they are on their manner to the crematorium. Elie? s male parent recites the Kaddish or supplication for the dead. Rebellion rises up inside of Elie and he inquiries God. Why should I bless His name? The Eternal, Godhead of the Universe, the Almighty and Awful, was soundless. We will write a custom essay sample on Loss Of Faith In or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What had I to thank Him for? ( Wiesel 31 ) Another illustration of captives in the concentration cantonment fring their religion in Night is when the pipel, a immature kid, was hung in forepart of the whole cantonment. The pipel was the Oberkapo? s retainer. The Oberkapo was the leader of the fifty-second unit. He neer struck or insulted the captives who worked under him, that is why the captives loved him. Even though most pipels were barbarous and hated, this one had the face of a sad angel and was loved by all. The Oberkapo was suspected in the knowing detonation of Buna? s electric power station. He was transferred to Auschwitz but the pipel was left buttocks. The pipel refused to speak. Two other work forces were besides accused. The pipel and the two other work forces were hung. The two grownups died immediately but the pipel was excessively light and stayed alive for a half an hr. He was still alive when I passed in forepart of him. His lingua was still ruddy, his eyes were non yet glazed. Behind me I heard the same adult male ask where is God now? And I heard a voice within me answer him: Where is He? Here He is-He is hanging here on this gallows? ( Wiesel 62 ) Another clip Elie inquiries God and his religion is around Rosh Hashana, the new twelvemonth. All the Jews gathered together to state supplications to God. He inquiries God for leting all these awful things to go on to them when they live their lives for Him. What are You, my God, I thought angrily, compared to this afflicted crowd, proclaiming to you their religions, their choler, their rebellion? What does Your illustriousness mean, Lord of the existence, in the face of all this failing, this decomposition, and this decay? Why do You still problem their ill heads, their crippled organic structures? ? Why, but why should I bless Him? In every fibre I rebelled. Because He had had 1000s of kids burned in His cavities? Because He kept six crematoriums working dark and twenty-four hours, on Sundays and feast yearss? Because in His great might He had created Auschwitz, Birkenau, Buna and so many mills of decease? How could I say to him Blessed art Thou, Eternal, Master of the Universe, Who chose us among the races to be tortured twenty-four hours and dark, to see our male parents, our female parents, our brothers, terminal in the crematorium? Praised be Thy Holy Name, Thou Who hast take us to be butchered on Thine communion table? ( Wiesel 63 # 8211 ; 64 ) Many captives lost their religion during # 8220 ; choice # 8221 ; . During choice the weak captives, the 1s who were unable to work, were chosen to travel to the crematorium. A boy Elie knew, Akiba Drumer, lost all of his religion. Without God he had no ground to travel on life or a ground to digest all the hurting and enduring his faith was doing him. He offered to be sent to the crematorium. Recently he had wandered among us, his eyes glazed, stating everyone of his failing: I can? t travel on? It? s all over? he had no strength left, nor religion ( Wiesel 72-73 ) One other individual Elie knew lost his religion during the choices. He was a Polish rabbi. He used to bee highly spiritual, declaiming the Talmud from memory. Than one twenty-four hours he changed. He said to Elie # 8220 ; It? s the terminal. God is no longer with us. # 8221 ; Night is a powerful book. When reading it you can follow the character? s religion to the exact point where it is lost. You can besides state by reading Night that some people can travel on believing in their faith under horrific fortunes and that some people will give up their religion at the first trial of trueness.

Lemon juice Essay Example

Lemon juice Essay Example Lemon juice Essay Lemon juice Essay Nutritional Status of People For thousandths of years our lives have hinged on our ability to find sufficient food for survival. While the world can produce enough food for every human being, there are still individuals who are literally starving to death. Factors Influencing Food Choice 1. Food availability You can only choose what to eat from the foods that are available to you. There are a number of factors that influence the types of foods available on the market: agricultural factors, imports, ease Of transportation, available DOD manufacturing facilities and technology. The marketplace provides an environment where food is displayed for sale. 2. Food acceptability Foods may be readily available to consumers, but the final decision about what foods to eat is based upon what each individual considers to be acceptable. 3. Knowledge of nutrition Whether the choice of food available for selection is limited or infinite, the individuals knowledge of nutrition will also determine if the right choice have been made in relation to good health. What is Nutrition? A word that comes from the Latin word nuttier, meaning to nourish or feed. Its about how and why we eat food, how our bodies digest and utilize food, how food affects our metabolism and how we dispose of bodily waste products. The study of nutrition also involves the nutritional requirements of each individual and the consequences to health when too much or too little of each nutrient is consumed. Nutrients are chemical substances that are present if foods. Nutritional Guidelines for Filipinos Educating the public to make proper food choices that are appropriate in the cultural, economic, social and environmental conditions that exist has always been a difficult task and continues to be a challenge. Nutrition education still remains as the cornerstone to improving the nutritional status of the population in the long term. Disseminating simple and practical nutrition message that encourage individuals to consume an adequate and well- balanced diet together with a healthy lifestyle is therefore a most desirable objective. In their simplest form, these messages are called Nutritional Guidelines. The development Of Nutritional Guidelines therefore is one Of the key strategies to promote appropriate diets and related health practices to achieve the goal of improving the nutritional condition of the population. Nutritional Guidelines For Filipinos 1. Eat a variety of foods every day. The human body needs more than 40 different nutrients for good health. No single food can provide all the nutrients in the amounts needed. Eat a variety of foods, to provide all the nutrients required in the proper amount and balance. 2. Breast-feed infants exclusively from birth to 4-6 months and then, give appropriate foods while continuing breast-feeding. Infants and children up to 2 years of age are most vulnerable to malnutrition. Breast-feeding is one of the most effective strategies to improve child survival. Nutritional requirements of an infant can be obtained solely from breast milk for the first 6 months of life. After that time, breast milk must be complemented with appropriate foods, but breast-feeding should be continued for up to 2 years of age or longer. The decision to breast-feed is made by the mother. Nonetheless, the husband and other family members, health workers, neighbors, community organizations, officemates and employers must encourage her to breast-feed her infant. 3. Maintain childrens normal growth through proper diet and monitor their growth regularly. An adequate diet for n active child is one that promotes good health and normal growth. A well- nourished child is healthy, strong, and alert, has good disposition, and grows at a normal rate. A poorly nourished child exhibits sluggish if not permanently delayed physical and mental development. In addition, he is lethargic and frequently ill because of low resistance to infection. Over nutrition on the other hand, may lead to obesity that may cause physical and emotional problems in childhood and later in life. 4. Consume fish, lean meat, poultry or dried beans. To improve the Filipino diet, not only should the total quantity of food be increased but the quality of the diet should also be improved by including animal products of substitutes. Including fish, lean meat, poultry, or dried beans in the daily meals will not only enhance the protein quality if the diet but also supply highly observable iron, preformed vitamin A and zinc. Fish, lean meat, poultry without skin, and dried beans, in contrast to fatty meats, are low in saturated fats, which are linked to heart disease. 5. Eat more vegetables, fruits and root crops. In general, most people do not eat enough vegetables, fruits and root crops. Results of food consumption surveys conducted by the FINN show that the average consumption of green leafy vegetables, vitamin C-rich fruits and root crops are low in the Filipino diet. The consumption of more vegetables, fruits and root crops is encouraged to help correct the encountering deficiencies consistently noted in national nutrition surveys. Eating root crops will add dietary energy to the meal. 6. Eat foods cooked in edible/cooking oil daily. In general, Filipinos use very little oil in their cooking. Boiling is the most common method of food preparation. Hence, the total fat and oil consumption in a Filipino diet is low. Fats and oils are concentrated sources of energy. A low fat and oil consumption results in a diet low in energy value, contributing to chronic energy deficiency. Fats and oils are also essential for absorption and utilization of fat-soluble vitamins, such as vitamin A. A low fat intake may be one of the causes of vitamin A deficiency among Filipinos. To ensure adequate fat intake, Filipinos should be encouraged to stir-fry foods in vegetable oil or to add fats and oils whenever possible in food preparation. This will guard against chronic energy deficiency and help to lower the risk of vitamin A deficiency. The excessive use of saturated fats and oils, however, ay increase the risk of heart disease. The proper choice of fats and oils therefore is essential. 7. Consume milk, milk products and other calcium-rich foods such as small fish and dark green leafy vegetables everyday. Nutrition surveys indicate a consistent failure of Filipinos to meet dietary recommendations for calcium. An adequate amount of calcium in the diet starting from childhood all through adulthood will help prevent osteoporosis in later life. Milk and milk products provide highly observable calcium besides being good sources of protein, vitamin A and other nutrients. Milk and other Alicia-rich foods are valuable additions to our rice/plant-based diets, which are not only poor sources of calcium but also contain calcium-inhibiting substances. 8. Use dizzied salt, but avoid excessive intake of salty foods. Goiters and Iodine Deficiency Disorders are rampant in many areas of the Philippines, causing physical and mental retardation in children. The regular use of dizzied salt in the table and in cooking in addition to taking iodine-rich foods, will greatly help in eradicating this preventable disease. On the other hand, excessive intake of salt and salty foods particularly in susceptible individuals increases the risk of hypertension and hence of heart disease. Avoiding too much table salt and overly salty foods may help in the prevention and control of these conditions. G. Eat clean and safe food. Food and water are essential to life but they may also carry disease-causing organisms like bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites, or harmful chemical substances. It is important to buy foods that are safe. Purchase food only from reliable sources. In addition, care must be taken when preparing and serving meals to prevent food-borne diseases. Sharing in the efforts to improve environmental hygiene and sanitation in the community will greatly contribute to food safety in the home. 10. For a healthy lifestyle and good nutrition, exercise regularly, do not smoke and avoid drinking alcoholic beverages. With the changing lifestyle of Filipinos, chronic degenerative diseases are becoming significant public health problems. Healthy diets, regular exercise, abstinence from smoking and moderate alcohol intake are key components of a healthy lifestyle. Guidelines on specific nutrients 1 . Eat foods containing calcium. This is particularly important for girls and women. Eat foods containing iron. This is particularly important for girls, women, vegetarians and athletes. Promoting Good Nutrition in the Food Industry Eat a diet low in fat and low in saturated fat. One challenge for all companies or organizations that process food is to use less saturated fat without losing flavor. There are a number of ways of reducing the amount of saturated fat: when choosing ingredients and when preparing foods. When choosing ingredients in order to reduce saturated fat, select: Lean cuts of meat Polyunsaturated margarines instead of butter, shortenings etc. Low fat salad resting. When preparing foods in order to reduce saturated fat: Do not add fat when grilling, baking poaching, etc. Avoid creamy and cheesy sauces over vegetables, or glazes made of butter and sugar. Use lemon juice and/or vinegar dressing. Use non-stick pans for frying and sauteins. Steam vegetables and cook for minimum amounts of time. Remove fat from broths, stews and casseroles. Thicken sauces by reducing stocks and adding tomato, tomato paste and fruit nectars. Use herbs instead of butter, cream etc. To add flavor and interest to dishes. Choose low salt foods and use salt sparingly Some high salt foods may be difficult to exclude from planned menus that change daily for the sake of variety. Lower salt products should be used as alternatives to high salt foods. When choosing ingredients in order to reduce salt, select: High quality fresh foods and processed foods that do not contain salt (e. G. Frozen vegetables) low salt, reduced salt or no added salt products. When preparing foods in order to reduce salt: use alternative flavor enhancers such as lemon juice, vinegar and herbs. Select cooking methods that retain the flavor, such as stir-frying cooking in foil, dry baking and cooking in the minimum amount of water.

Stress in the workplace Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Stress in the workplace - Research Paper Example They have achieved it on the cost of their personal and social life. The urge to remain employed has caused the employees to endorse the culture of work-life imbalance. The whole effort of the employees is concentrated at increasing the productivity. Since the time is limited, employees have no option but to sacrifice their private life for the work. This is the reason why employees do not find time to spend with the family. While on one hand, this is distorting the employees’ relations with their families, on the other hand, it is also affecting their performance as continued work without breaks and rest declines an individual’s mental and physical efficiency. In addition to that, the ones who have managed to remain employed have been assigned the job responsibilities of the employees that have been terminated, which has essentially increased the work load for the remaining employees manifolds. Since the effects of economic recession are not limited to the workplace, t he employees have to deal with the inflation and increased rates of things of everyday use. There is so much to purchase in a very limited salary, that an employee always runs short of money. Stress in the workplace is one of the most important causes of increase in employees’ depression and anxiety. Some employees have been stressed to the point that they have attempted suicide. â€Å"[Employees] come to work and tell a manager or colleague that they are thinking of harming themselves. They are texting, calling, instant-messaging. Or they’ll disclose they’ve made an attempt. Some have even tried to kill themselves at work† (LeBlanc cited in Mirza, 2012). Stress in the workplace has distorted the employees’ relations with the family members, particularly with the spouses.

The Curious Case of Benjamin Button Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

The Curious Case of Benjamin Button - Essay Example According to the author, Mark Twain’s remark that it is a â€Å"pity that the best part of life came at the beginning and the worst part at the end† has inspired him to write a story, in which he experiments a character who ages in the reverse order (1). The movie differs from the story in many aspects but it retains the basic premise of the protagonist aging backwards. The film’s theme departs drastically from the perceived notions of a Hollywood movie and explores a novel concept, thus making its viewing a unique experience for the audience. The movie, with its poignant themes, profound philosophical ideas and portrayal of love, will remain etched in the viewers’ mind long after they have watched it. The basic reason for my choice of this movie for my final paper is that I have always felt a close personal affinity to the story, which conceptualizes a man aging backwards. This reversal in nature’s process brings very interesting and bizarre consequences in his life. The main reason for my fascination for the movie stems from the fact that as a child, I used to fantasize how cool it will be to grow younger rather than older. Basically, I have felt that being different from other people could be a thrilling experience, especially in the context of ageing. Besides, the whole concept of the movie is so romantic, appealing to the senses of compassion and benevolence in me, especially the tender love of his foster mother for Ben when he during his ‘younger’ stages as an ugly old person. Also, the story postulates many idealistic philosophies that have inspired positive attitudes in me since I saw it as a 16 year old. The story has bred an understanding that the dis advantages in a person must not be considered as shortcomings. It has also made me realize that people whose traits do not fit into mainstream notion also deserve the same rights and considerations as any other person in this world, because

Thank you for Smoking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Thank you for Smoking - Essay Example The film depicts Mr Nick Naylor’s dilemma in lobbying on behalf of cigarettes as Big Tobacco’s chief spokesperson using cunning tactics and trying to be a positive model for his son aged 12 years at the same time. This film tracks the ups and downs of the Washington lobbyist who is constantly on the hunt for new and inventive ways of rebranding the ‘cancer sticks’ for public consumption and it is set in the period soon after Big Tobacco had started cutting checks for its sick and dying former customers. The film has a well-scripted story line that is easy to follow because events unfold with a lot of easiness and actions of characters are equally justifiable through logical sequences of counteractive action-reaction sequence. The characters narrate the story amid pitches of grim humour that is well enmeshed in the dialogues and the superb delivery of key lines that creates memorable moments in the film. The film also makes a good display in terms of casting of the lead role because Aaron Eckhart is able to deliver by showing both extremes of his usual character types, to turn his ingratiating smile into a leer, and to charm even as he repels. Mr Reitman keeps the character moving so fast that there is very little time for contemplation and just as you are about to start putting a finger on the character and his tar-black heart, he is already flown out of the door.

Reflection on Leadership, Communication and Teamwork

Reflection on Leadership, Communication and Teamwork 1.0 Introduction Complexities in assignments and projects have facilitated the adoption of team approaches to problem solving. In many learning institutions and places of work, team approach has led to different people being brought together in order to benefit from their varying but combined experience and manpower. Studies by Pokras (2002) have revealed that team members perform to their best standards if a common target or goal had been readily identified before the formation of the team. Identification of the common goal in initial stages is the key to team success since every team has its own defined roadmap for achieving the identified goal. Achievement of the target also involves each team member identifying his role in the team and doing his best to achieve it. Team members are likely to encounter challenges when working on achieving their common goals. To ensure success in their teams, they need to understand overall issues that affect the performance of their members. In line with the above, this written report seeks to reflect on the overall team experience as was displayed by Team 4 members when they undertook tutorial preparation and tutorial discussion assignments. The report identified the observations on team experience; dynamics and development. The varying characteristics of Team 4 members were also noted and are also described in this report. The report goes ahead to link the observations of Team 4 members to the various academic theories on team experience. Secondary literatures addressing team experience themes are consulted for the proposed academic theories. The report then concludes with reasons on why Team 4 experiences were as observed and noted. Recommendations are the provided on how best Team 4 members can improve their future team spirits and experiences. It is our desire that any team reading this report will find it interesting and valuable for their future use. 2.0 Observations of Team Experience As the name suggests, Team 4 was constituted by 4 members; 1 female and 3 males. To hold each member accountable on his/her role in the group, Team 4 members decided to nickname each member. As such, the following members made up Team 4; Member 1, Member 2, Member and Member 4. The observations below have adopted this naming. During their first meeting, Team 4 members unanimously agreed on the use of face to face, Skype, and mobile phone services of voice and short messaging services (sms) as avenues of carrying out the discussion. Amongst the 3, face to face communication was the most frequently used method of carrying out the team work since members consented to the idea that immediate feedbacks were easily passed between them when using this method. Most observations were therefore noted during the face to face sessions. The overall rating for the observations made can be summarised as 70% positive and 30% negative. The following is a presentation of some of the major observations as displayed by Team 4 members. The presentation involved identification of key variables and the observations made on members. 2.1 Leadership Roles Though it was earlier on agreed that leadership role at Team 4 was to rotational, it was observed that some members feared the responsibility of assuming leadership roles when it came to their turns. The creation of the tutorials for presentation in class called for each team member to assume a leadership role on a rotational basis. This was considered key to success of any team since each team was to be later on required to successfully present their tutorials before the class. The presentations required every member of the group to take a leadership role at the time of presentation and therefore the reluctance by Member 2 and Member 4 to assume leadership roles caused a lot of worries to Member 1 and Member 3 since it was projected that it would impact negatively on the overall performance of Team 4. During the initial meetings, Members 2 and 4 would faithfully request any of their colleagues to volunteer by taking up the leadership roles on their behalf. Reasons put forward in the ir defence were that they deemed themselves less skilled when it came to creating slides and providing the logical structure upon which discussion topics were to be handled. One member, Member 2, was even bold enough to state before the other members that he lacked the courage to articulate issues before a group of people. To correct on this, Members 1 and 3 had to assume guidance and encouragement roles. In encouraging the two to improve on their courage, Members 1 and 3 borrowed Topchik (2007) motivational quote that called on fearful people to focus on by speaking up and listening openly for them to built trust (p.10). As time wore on and more meetings were held, Members 2 and 4 were able to develop their courage and lead the discussions to the best of their understanding. They could usher in members to give out their suggestions as well as interrupt them to allow their colleagues to seek clarifications in areas where they felt dissatisfied. 2.2 Knowledge on Topics Discussed It was observed that the four members experienced variations when it came to understanding the topics under discussion. For instance, in one session Member 1 emerged as the most knowledgeable in identifying and linking the relationships between various sub-topics. In the succeeding session, Member 3 assumed this role. These variations helped the sharing of knowledge amongst Team 4 members. 2.3 Contributing Towards Discussion Topics Though Members 2 and 4 had initially shown fearful factors, it was observed that all Team 4 members took an active role in contributing towards topics at hand. Everybody would seek an opportunity to express his ideas, and his colleagues would either agree or disagree on the particular members points. 2.4 Conflicts and Disagreements As every member became active in the discussions, it was observed that Team 4 members could not hold to each others opinions and wishes. A practical case emerged one Saturday when Member 1 proposed and insisted that every member was to present to the class the section which he or she oversaw as the leader of the team. In sticking to his view, Member 1 claimed that it was common sense that as a leader of the session, each leader stood a better chance of presenting the section to the class. However, his colleagues completely objected to his opinion on the view that teamwork and team spirit called on all members to have an even understanding of all the issues discussed by the team, and as such, each had an equal understanding of the sections. To them, anyone could comfortably present any section. The disagreement arising from this varied opinions boiled to the extent that all members had to unanimously agree to call off the session to avoid on the impending physical fights. However, on a positive note, Member 1 had to drop his hard line stance and adopt other members suggested random selection. 2.5 On the Issue of Time It was observed that members attended to sessions on time. Only one chance of late arrival was observed when Member 3 arrived 30 minutes late into the discussion. However, she had written a phone message to every member of the team to inform them of her late arrival since she was held up on traffic at the time of the meeting. 3.0 Theoretical Evaluation Institutions of learning and business organizations have continued with their adopted norm of using team approach as the tool for achieving specific tasks. Teams continue to gain increasing attention as potentially important organization assets (Zayed and Kamel, 2005, p.1). The increased adoption of team approach or team experience across these institutions has called for the need to provide information on the themes and dynamics involved in teamwork to help them achieve or attain their set targets. These may include amongst others; 3.1 Definition of Teams Teams are groups of individuals who accomplish designated objectives by working independently, communicating effectively, and making decisions that affect their work (Topchik 2007, p.7). On their part, Zayed and Kamel (2005) defined teams as two or more independent individuals who interact with and influence one another in order to accomplish a common purpose (p.1). From his research, Pokras (2002) summarised team chemistry as consisting of the following three parts; communication, consensus and contracting (11). From the definitions above it can be deduced that Team 4 comprised of the four individuals who worked to achieve a common goal of preparing tutorials on selected topics for presentation. They interacted through face to face, Skype or messaging and talking on phone. Zayed and kamel (2005) noted that many people across business fields had come to replace the term group with team. To such people, the two words mean the same and can therefore be used interchangeably. 3.2 Succeeding as a Team: Levels Involved The joining together of members to form a team does not guarantee the success of the particular team. The formation stage may bring together quiet, cautious or tentative members who may take a while before starting to go through the storming stage (Zayed Kamel, 2005, p.10). The storming process may involve team members studying each others tensions, differences as well as conflicts. After learning of members characteristics, team members advance into the second stage where they actively concentrate on solving their problems. Teams achieve their goals when members start interacting smoothly. At this level, each member is energetic, dynamic and productive leading to the team attaining success by achieving their set common goal. 3.3 Characteristics of a Good Team According to RIC Publishers (2003), good team members listen to each other, cooperate, have clear team goals and allow each member to freely express his or her opinions (p.24). On his part, Topchik (2007) went on to postulate that best team experiences had roles of each member clearly defined, had members who were open and honest in communication, had a supportive and knowledgeable manager, allowed members to freely make decisions and rewarded or recognized its members when they successfully achieved its goals (p.6). 4.0 Conclusion Though little disagreements were observed in Team 4s meeting sessions, the team successfully achieved its goal of creating presentation tutorials. This was reflected in the comprehensive and detailed tutorials that were successfully presented to the class on the presentation day. The ability of the all Team 4 members to respond confidently and accurately presentation questions also contributed in highlighting the teams success. In assessing the hard line stands taken by some team members, it was concluded that the decision by the teacher not to give due attention to members characteristics at the time of forming the teams may have played a facilitation role. As Topchick (2007) notes, when forming a team, the individuals skills, knowledge and experience should constitute the number one criteria for team membership (p10). 5.0 Recommendation Best on Team 4s achieved results; the following recommendations stand to be made. Team 4 members should learn the importance of recognizing each others contributions. This makes every team member to feel that his/her work is very meaningful and important. As such more contributions are likely to be forwarded by the motivated team members. The rotational team leaders should know that their leadership roles involve coordinating member activities. They should therefore not get discouraged or shy away from assuming these leadership roles based on their inferiority complex. Drawing from Dan and Lane (2008) works, team members who initially declined to take up their leadership roles are informed that effective team leaders are tasked with enabling everyone to contribute their unique skills (p.307). Members should be in a position to accommodate the views of other members by dropping their hard line stands. Team works are intended to avail avenues for their colleagues to share their opinions and arrive at common stands. Lastly and as Exley and Dennick (2004) opine, in cases where members are handling complex topics, several discussion sessions should be created to help members to research more on the topic at hand. This will help them to develop and accumulate knowledge on these topics.

Is Medical Testing On Animals Ethical :: essays research papers

Every year, nearly one hundred million animals die in research laboratories at the hands of curious scientists who perform outdated and inaccurate tests that prove no benefit to humans or animals. I believe vivisection, medical testing on animals, should be banned.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before these animals die they are routinely burned, scalded, poisoned, starved, given electric shocks, and deliberately inflicted with deadly diseases. Their eyes are surgically removed, and their brains and spinal cords are damaged; this is completed without any kind of anesthesia. Despite all of this cruelty, not a single disease has been cured through vivisection in this century. The overall cancer rate has risen in the past forty years, and a fatal heart attack strikes a person every forty-five seconds. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) estimate that seventy to eighty percent of the common diseases killing Americans can be prevented by a responsible lifestyle and diet. Drug testing on animals is not accurate and has no advantage to animals or people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Animals including dogs, cats, mice, pigs, monkeys, horses, deer, and cattle are commonly used for these senseless experimentations. The other remaining misfortunate animals come from places a little closer to you and me. Some of them come from animal shelters, some from the “free to a good home'; ads in the newspaper, or, even worse, some have been stolen directly from their own yard. Imagine your pet being crammed into a cage with ten other animals waiting to die in these cruel and heartless experiments.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The current system of drug testing places consumers in a dangerous predicament. For example, some drugs passed safe in animal experiments but proved tragic consequences in humans. Conversely, many drugs that are beneficial to humans are dangerous or even fatal to animals. This is obvious proof that testing on animals is unreliable, but sadistic tests still go on every day.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If animal experimentation was eliminated, it could save up to 6.8 billion dollars. This money could be used for medical assistance programs for low-income individuals, helping the many Americans who can not afford insurance, rather than killing animals or making them sick.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There will be nearly 275 thousand animals dead this time tomorrow that were not dead right now.

Alcoholism: a Menace to the Society Essay

Filipinos love to drink alcoholic beverages, that is. Drinking sessions are seen almost everywhere everyday along the streets and sidewalks, inside homes, in carinderia and corner sari-sari store, and even the upmarket bars and bistros. So phenomenal has been the â€Å"tumahan† tradition that it became the undisputed national pastime and social culture of Filipinos. While local folks’ love for drinking session might have built many a friendship and warm the cockles of good ole acquaintances, it is, at the same, taking toll on the drinkers’ health. Alcoholism, also called alcohol dependence or alcohol addiction, is a destructive pattern of alcohol use that includes tolerance to or withdrawal from the substance, using more alcohol or using it for longer than planned, and trouble reducing its use. Other potential symptoms include spending an inordinate amount of time getting, using, or recovering from the use of alcohol, compromised functioning, and/or continuing to use alcohol despite an awareness of the detrimental effects it is having on one’s life. Alcoholism is appropriately considered a disease rather than a weakness of character or chosen pattern of bad behavior. Many persons have become addicted to alcohol. It undoubtedly has something to do with the euphoric quality of alcohol and the resultant high. According to Vern Mason, â€Å"it is amazing how many kinds of alcohol can come out of the same bottle. It all depends who’s drinking it†. There are basically two types of drinkers who may become alcoholic. Some become chronic alcoholics from the outset almost, steadily drinking larger amounts everyday. Others may drink socially or the binge drinkers on weekends. They sort of steadily increase their drinking. The end result is the same, alcoholism. The damaging effect of alcohol stands among the leading public health problems in the world. It deserves personal concern and national action if we are to remain sober and responsible people. Alcohol abuse is a disease that is characterized by the sufferer having a pattern of drinking excessively despite the negative effects of alcohol on the individual’s work, medical, legal, educational, and/or social life. Alcohol abuse affects about 10% of women and 20% of men in the United States, most beginning by their mid teens. Signs of alcohol intoxication include the smell of alcohol on the breath or skin, glazed or bloodshot eyes, the person being unusually passive or argumentative, and/or a deterioration in the person’s appearance or hygiene. Almost 2,000 people under 21 years of age die each year in car crashes in which underage drinking is involved. Alcohol is involved in nearly half of all violent deaths involving teens. Alcoholism is a destructive pattern of alcohol use that includes a number of symptoms, including tolerance to or withdrawal from the substance, using more alcohol and/or for a longer time than planned, and trouble reducing its use. Alcohol, especially when consumed in excess, can affect teens, women, men, and the elderly quite differently. Risk factors for developing a drinking problem include low self-esteem, depression, anxiety or another mood problem, as well as having parents with alcoholism. Alcohol dependence has no one single cause and is not directly passed from one generation to another genetically. Rather, it is the result of a complex group of genetic, psychological, and environmental factors. There is no one test that definitively indicates that someone has an alcohol-use disorder. Therefore, health-care practitioners diagnose these disorders by gathering comprehensive medical, family, and mental-health information. Alcohol use increases medical risks. Alcohol seriously interacts with a number of drugs as well as several other medications by either increasing their potency or decreasing their effectiveness. Alcohol also prolongs the length of recovery after anesthesia. (Modern Medicine, pp. 160-165) Some signs of a drinking problem include drinking alone, to escape problems, or for the sole purpose of getting drunk; hiding alcohol in odd places; getting irritated when you are unable to obtain alcohol to drink; and having problems because of your drinking. According to the research of Aileen Ludington and Hans Diehl, alcohol greatly affects the human body: Your brain. Alcohol, even in small amounts, causes irreparable damage to brain cells; some die and others are altered. Your heart. Alcohol increases the risk of hypertension, stroke, and damage to the heart muscle. Your lungs. Alcohol depresses respiratory functions. Your reproductive system. In men, alcohol can damage cells in the testes, causing impotence, sterility, and possibly enlarged breasts. In women, alcohol can cause irregular menstrual cycles and malfunctioning of the ovaries. Alcohol has also been linked to birth defects in infants and to fetal alcohol syndrome. Your liver. Because your liver must filter alcohol from the blood, alcohol affects it more than any other organ of your body. Excess calories in alcohol are stored as fat in the liver. Functioning liver cells die from alcoholic poisoning. Scar tissue replaces dead cells, causing cirrhosis. Your immune system. Alcohol weakens the body’s defense against infection and breast cancer. Therefore, I conclude that alcoholism is a disease found in every social and economic class, in every country in the world. The problem is stinging: an alcoholic cannot control the amount he or she drinks; occasional drinkers may dive into the alcohol problem with little control on those little drinking bout. In learning that alcoholism is an illness, a child is provided with a cognitive means by which to understand a confusing, often traumatizing, emotional experience. This could range from a simple conceptualization to a more empathetic understanding of his or her parent. Relabeling the parent’s behavior helps the child feel less out of control. Learning that it is an illness not caused by the child also to helps to improve the child’s reality-testing and reduces anxiety, anger, and guilt. (National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. â€Å"Underage Drinking. † Alcohol Alert 67 Jan. 2006. ) Trusted adults, clergymen or guidance counselors are worthy ones to be sought for advice. The important thing is to reach out. And if you’re ashamed of your family, try not to be. Many people understand that alcoholism is a disease, you needn’t let shame burden you. Diverting your attention, being preoccupied with worthwhile activities can do a lot to your nerves.

Quality Costs for Consideration Essay

Our firm is the producer of tangible products. We, as a company, must ensure that we are delivering the highest quality products to our customers to maintain a quality reputation and in order to earn repeat and referral business. We have identified the three types of costs associated with the implementation of quality considerations. We believe that if we are mindful of the following costs our quality will improve, our customer satisfaction will improve and our business will prosper. The three types of costs associated with quality considerations are prevention costs, appraisal costs, internal and external failure costs. Prevention costs are the most effective way to avoid unnecessary problems with production and sales quality. These costs are defined as any steps we as a company can take to pre-emptively avoid any future defects by providing our employees with things such as, proper tools to complete their assigned work, safe and proper working conditions, proper and effective train ing of all new employees and continual training and education for all existing employees, and by implementing quality control systems to ensure all products produced are up to the company’s and customer’s quality standards. Appraisal costs are the costs associated with the testing and inspection of purchased materials used in the productions process, inspection of the items the company is producing, checking items produced for conformance, quality control audits and field testing of items produced and the cost of the labor associated with all of these items. These costs are ultimately the quality costs resulting from quality control and while they may be high in numbers but are imperative during the manufacturing and production processes. Internal failure costs are the costs that we would incur should we fail to meet the quality standards of the products we produce. These costs encompass everything from the manufacturing of a defective product to the downtime resulting from a quality assurance problem. Scrap materials, defective and rejected products are some example of internal failure costs incurred from a lack of quality assurance. External failure costs are the result of internal failure costs that somehow escape recognition and end up with our customers. These costs are warranty repairs and replacements, lawsuits from defective or dangerous products, a loss of referral and repeat business as a result of a battered reputation and any recalls the company may have to endure because of faulty quality assurance; these costs will inevitably cause the most damage as our defective products have reached the product and that is where the problem is realized. The time, money and effort needed to overcome an external failure cost is astronomical and can even become a threat to the company’s very existence. An evaluation of these costs allows us to analyze the trade-offs for each and why it is so important for us, as a company, to maintain high quality control standards. Preventative costs may be substantial to the company during the initial implementation period because the company may have to update equipment or hire appropriate training managers for our employees but we believe that if we implement these preventative measures the benefits will far outweigh the costs for the company. The tradeoffs if we decide not to take preventative measures we will be opening our processes up for internal failure which will result in lost time, wasted product and unhappy customers from late deliveries. We believe this cost will affect our employee’s morale and increase our costs overall for the reasons stated above which will deteriorate our margin. Appraisal costs may be numerous in the manufacturing industry and during the production process but the tradeoff for not implementing these appraisal costs is far too great to accept from a cost, benefit perspective. The tradeoffs for not implementing these costs are the use of bad raw materials during production resulting in poorly produced items, products that are not uniformly produced defective products which will ultimately be returned or worse cause harm to the distributor or even customer. We would lose business, lose referrals and possibly even lose suppliers if we do not implement appraisal procedures and we, as a company cannot afford liabilities that would be a direct tradeoff for not implementing appraisal costs. Internal and external costs, we believe, can be the end of the company if we do not take preventative action now. We leave ourselves open for litigation from faulty products that reached our customers and were injured, the cost of recalling faulty merchandise which requires us to pay for shipping and to replace any defective product that we sold. We also open ourselves up for public ridicule and loss of repeat and referral business from a battered reputation. For all these reasons we believe that the company needs to act now to implement a quality control system, implement preventative measures starting at the training phase of our new employees and monitor our output carefully by auditing our processes and products regularly to help us avoid internal failure and external failure costs as a company.

Free Essays on Floppy Drive Memory

, they are low costing and are able to work on all computers. In its design, the floppy disk is similar to the hard drive; it operates on the principles of magnetic recording. It uses magnetic heads for data storage and retrieval from the rotating magnetic media. The main differences are in the quality of the media, with much lower magnetic performance for the floppy; and the low rotational speed of the disk, which is about 300 rotations per minute. Another difference is continuous contact between two spring-loaded sliders. Eventually the contact between the two will wear out and the media will get damaged or destroyed. Today’s hard drives already show some level of slider-disk interference at much higher velocities that are beyond 7500 rpm. The history of floppy drives started when the first 8-inch floppy drive was introduced in 1970. It was then replaced by the 5.25-inch drive in 1976. In 1980, the 5.25-inch drive was also replaced by the 3.5-inch â€Å"micro-floppy† (Geek.com). As time went by, the floppy drive got smaller while the memory of it grew larger. The 3.5-inch floppy drive was single-headed and had a storage capacity of 322 KB (Geek.com). The disk was protected by a hard plasti... Free Essays on Floppy Drive Memory Free Essays on Floppy Drive Memory Floppy drives have been around for a long time; in the past they were used for playing elementary, computer games, storaging important information, and were used as a PC’s main memory. The capacity and data transfer rates of floppy drives have extremely low levels, which are 1.44 MB and about 0.06 MB/sec (PC Mechanic). These parameters could be improved considerably with floppy drives out there, however it is too late to change standards now since the technology is worldwide. Today the only two functions left for the floppy disks are serving as boot disks in the case of system problems on your computer, and serving as movable storage. The main advantage of floppy disks is still low cost and universal compatibility. In other words, they are low costing and are able to work on all computers. In its design, the floppy disk is similar to the hard drive; it operates on the principles of magnetic recording. It uses magnetic heads for data storage and retrieval from the rotating magnetic media. The main differences are in the quality of the media, with much lower magnetic performance for the floppy; and the low rotational speed of the disk, which is about 300 rotations per minute. Another difference is continuous contact between two spring-loaded sliders. Eventually the contact between the two will wear out and the media will get damaged or destroyed. Today’s hard drives already show some level of slider-disk interference at much higher velocities that are beyond 7500 rpm. The history of floppy drives started when the first 8-inch floppy drive was introduced in 1970. It was then replaced by the 5.25-inch drive in 1976. In 1980, the 5.25-inch drive was also replaced by the 3.5-inch â€Å"micro-floppy† (Geek.com). As time went by, the floppy drive got smaller while the memory of it grew larger. The 3.5-inch floppy drive was single-headed and had a storage capacity of 322 KB (Geek.com). The disk was protected by a hard plasti...

CONSTITUTIONAL Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

CONSTITUTIONAL - Term Paper Example The argument currently focus on changing the appointment criteria, composition and functioning method of the chamber. Some changes have been made but still there are major issue to be reformed in order to make the house more presentable. â€Å"The attempt to make changes in the house have never been successful due to the conflicts and debates existing among the political members†(Carmichael,1999)Initiative efforts from Labour government in 1968 proved to be a failure due to their radical nature and after that no actions were taken till 1997.Recent actions are towards the establishment of Independent commission for the appointment of members who are not from any party. Removal of hereditary peers is the main focus of the reform which is to be taking place in the near future. â€Å" Thus, the latest reform initiatives remain not only incomplete but contentious, and an ongoing, dynamic aspect of the political debate that is taking place in Britain today†(Robertson,2009) Th e peers in the house attend the house without any intention of taking interest in the political or internal issue of the country. They treat the house a s place of leisure activity and attend with least attentiveness and concern. The number of peers in the house should be minimized in order to reduce the cost of maintaining the house and congestion in the space. Since there are enormous number of members from house of commons who are more or less inactive ,abolishing of peers can bring in some positive changes. Many of them take allowances for attending the house and enjoy other priviliges for no serious reasons. It would be very useful for the country if the peerage system is abolished and new productive members are allowed to join the house of lords. Answer to question two In the UK the Executive otherwise the government has the right on making and implementing policies and laws in order to take care of the issue concerning the country. Parliament and government take active part i n formulating the laws of England. They being separate bodies, have to work hand in hand for the welfare of the country. â€Å" Parliament is the highest legislative authority in the UK. It has responsibility for checking the work of government and examining, debating and approving new laws. It is also known as the Legislature†(parliament). An MP can be a party member but this does not imply that they are operate in the government .Since the Executive and Parliament work together ,it can be very well said that the scrutiny of the government is one the six important functions of the House of Commons. The MPs have the obligation of attending the House of commons everyday and debate on policies, bills and issues It is a common fact that the MPs mostly disagree to the government policies and there exists an unequal power struggle between the MPs and Executive. But seeing the practice of House of commons which is very weak it cannot be agreeable to say that the scrutiny of governm ent illustrates the disparities between the MP and executive. â€Å"The lack of power of backbenchers in determining what the House debated and in controlling the House’s activities was a source of frustration during the last Parliament.  (Parliamnent) The House of Commons perform scrutiny by means of â€Å"Question time† which gives chance for each member to ask questions to the cabinet ministers and Prime minister. But this is activity is not efficient enough to evaluate the

Chinese Yuan vs. US Dollar Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Chinese Yuan vs. US Dollar - Essay Example The use of the two currencies in trade began in 1985 on a bilateral arrangement between the two countries. In 2008, the volume of imports from China hit the $337.8 billion mark. The China government has increased the use of the Yuan in foreign trade over the years leading dynamism in its exchange rates with other world currencies. According to economists, the China government is suspected to devalue the currency in order to increase the competitiveness of their local industries. In addition, the Chinese Yuan is less flexible with respect to the exchange rate against the US dollar and other world currencies. An effort to increase the flexibility of the Chinese Yuan by the government has resulted to the use of the currency internationally. The objective is increasing the use of the currency and achieving its use as a reserve currency in the long term (Derosa 2011). The last five financial years indicate a relatively stable exchange rate between the Chinese Yuan (CNY) and the US dollar (USD). The table below indicates the official exchange rates posted in the two countries’ markets. The record shows how much one US dollar is equivalent to the Chinese Yuan Year USD Chinese Yuan 2009 1 6.8314 2010 1 6.7703 2011 1 6.4615 2012 1 6.3123 2013 1 6.1910 Since 2009 to date, the value of the Chinese Yuan has been increasing. ... changes in the exchange rate can be attributed to the control efforts of the Chinese Yuan flexibility in the exchange market by the Chinese government (Exchange-Rates.org 2013). From 2005 to 2008, the Chinese government allowed the appreciation of the dollar to 21%. However, the global economic crisis prompted China to stop the appreciation and regulate the exchange rate flexibility. From 2008 to 2010, the exchange indicated minimal changes since the rate was maintained at about 6.83 Yuan (Exchange-Rates.org 2013). Amid the then economic conditions, the Chinese government continued with their reforms in the exchange rate thus increasing the currency’s flexibility again. This led to an appreciation of the exchange rate leading to a loss of value by the Yuan against the dollar. The controlled flexibility of the Yuan leads to a slowed appreciation of the dollar against the Yuan. The slight change in the exchange rate of these currencies is caused by the fixed exchange rate regime maintained by China with regard to their currency. The depreciation of the US dollar over the years also contributes to the decrease in the exchange rate between the CNY and the USD. The USD has lost value against the Yuan and other major currencies across the world especially during the global financial crisis. The Chinese Yuan/US dollar exchange rate in 2012 portrayed several movements that ranged between an increase and a decrease in value of the Yuan against the dollar and the loss of value of the dollar against the Yuan. The table below shows the values of the exchange rates between the Yuan and the dollar. The values are on quarterly basis with the USD as the base currency (Wang 2009). Month (2012) USD Yuan January 1 6.6233 April 1 6.3077 August 1 6.3604 December 1 6.2223

Women and institutions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Women and institutions - Essay Example Most of the societies practice division of labor by sex and age. Traditional western models depict men as economic providers, since their role was dynamic while women were domestic consumers and their role was static (Bosen, 319, 1984). Anthropologist and other social scientist have discovered that men are only partial economic providers. The contribution of men towards women and children vary in different cultures and depends in variations of women work. Women make significant economic decisions not only for children but also for men and the society (Wardlow, 153). Therefore, the important issue in analyzing economic system of any society is by considering the division of labor, and ways the fruits and labor are shared. The early model of hunting society presented man as the chief provider and decision maker in the society. The early model of foragers as the blue print of sexual division of labor has been widely criticized (Merlan, 262, 1991). It was assumed that foragers depended on meat as their only food and men did all the hunting as women stayed in camps with children waiting for men to bring them food. Anthropologist challenged this model when they started analyzing the contribution of women in foragers’ society. After extensive research, there are four changes in the model. Meat was not the staple food in forages society compared to the total food intake (Stivens, 331, 1970). When meat was less important in the meal than plant food, men still went out to hunt while women provided food for their groups through their contributions. Even in the male hunting and women, gathering model contributes sexual separation in food contribution especially between animal and vegetable food. Division of labor between sexes is flexible and changing in individuals and cooperative efforts (Stivens, 330, 1970). There are some difficulties in separating horticultural and agricultural societies. The major difference is the

History of the Phantom of the Opera Essay Example for Free

History of the Phantom of the Opera Essay In 1911, Gaston Leroux published Le FantÔme de l’Opera, the now famous book that gave birth to the legend of the Phantom.   Leroux had been fascinated by the mystery and design of the Paris Opera House.   As a theatre enthusiast, he had toured all the levels of the Opera House including a visit to the underground lake, cellar and hidden passageways. The mysterious events at the Paris Opera House which ignited Leroux ‘s interest began with Napoleon III’s call for a new opera house to be built in Paris in 1860, after he had survived an assassination attempt one evening when returning from the Opera.    The construction of the Opera House, faced many delays and construction stopped during the Franco Prussian War. After the war, the then unfinished Opera House was occupied by the working class who used it as a warehouse, observation post, communications center, military post and a powder store.   The cellar was once used as a torture chamber.   The new Paris Opera House was finally finished in 1875.   Finally, adding to the mystery, an unfortunate incident occurred in the Paris Opera House in 1896, a counter-weight of six and a half ton chandelier fell from the ceiling, killing a patron. Gaston Leroux always claimed that the ghost in the story was true, based on his investigations and tours of the Opera House.   He is quoted as saying: The Opera ghost really existed.   He was not, as was long believed, a creature of the imagination of the artists, the superstition of the managers, or the absurd and impressionable brains of the young ladies of the ballet, their mothers, the box-keepers, the cloak-room attendants, or the concierge.   No, he existed in flesh and blood, though he assumed all the outward characteristics of a real phantom, that is to say, of a ghost.   (Leroux, G, n.d) In 1925, began the chain of events that would give rise to the phenomenon of the Phantom.   Universal Studios made the first film of the book – the silent movie, Phantom of the Opera, which starred Lon Chaney Snr.   A second version of the film, this time with sound and color, starring Claude Raines was produced in 1943.   Followed by a Spanish version in 1962, and a 1974 version starring Herbert Lom and Heather Sears. The Phantom was produced twice on stage in 1935 and 1975, without much success. Then, in 1986, the legend of the Phantom of the Opera would become one of the most famous stories in the world, when Andrew Lloyd Weber’s Musical – Phantom of the Opera hit the stage in London.   In the 21 years since the Musical began, it has broken all theatre records and is now the longest running Broadway Show in History. The success of the musical spurred the movie industries interest again in 2004, with a moderately successful movie called â€Å"Phantom of the Opera† based on Andrew Lloyd Webber’s opera.   Critical acclaim for the movie has been varied. The Phantom has outlived his creator who died in April 1927 and has become iconic to the 20th and 21st Century.    History of the Hit Musical – The Phantom of the Opera   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Andrew Lloyd Webber’s musical The Phantom of the Opera opened in London’s Majesty Theatre on 9 October 1986.   In the original London Cast, â€Å"The Phantom† was played by Michael Crawford, and â€Å"Christine† by Sarah Brightman (then wife of Andrew Lloyd Webber). The original creative team of the Phantom was: Harold Prince  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Director Cameron Mackintosh  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Producer Andrew Lloyd Webber  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Composer, Book, Co-orchestra Maria Bjà ¶rnson   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Production Designer    While Andrew Lloyd Webber had already been phenomenally successful with productions like Evita and the Sound of Music, â€Å"The Phantom† made stars of the actors and creative team members. The musical is still running 21 years later (2007) in London, Broadway (N.Y) and touring worldwide.   The Phantom has won over 50 awards including 3 Olivier, an Evening Standard Award, 7 Tony’s and 3 Outer Critic Circle Awards. At the time of writing, it is estimated that over 80 million people have seen the musical, with total ticket sales of over $3.2 billion.    Reviews of the Phantom of the Opera: The Daily Mirror’s first review of the Phantom of the Opera in 1986: It’s fantastic, fabulous and phantasmagorical! Its fantastic, fabulous and phantasmagorical! From the eerily flickering lights that greet you outside Her Majestys Theatre to the last, glorious curtain call, Andrew Lloyd Webbers long-awaited new musical, Phantom of the Opera, is a triumph. The special effects are among the most spectacular ever seen in the West End. The music is very bit as memorable as one would expect from the man who wrote Evita, Starlight Express and the rest. But most of all, the show belongs to Sarah Brightman and Michael Crawford, who soar and swoop through their hugely demanding roles like eagles. After all the well-publicised false starts and back-biting, Lloyd Webber has created a musical which deserves to be around well into the next decade. The story is based closely on the original novel of 1911 unlike most of the Phantom of the Opera films which have been made over the years. Michael Carwfords Phantom hides his hideously disfigured face by skulking in the stage caverns and pools deep beneath the Paris opera. His passion for music is the only thing which gives his life meaning until he becomes obsessed by Sarah Brightmans Christine a young opera singer whose beauty is matched only by the purity of her voice. He coaches her in secret while visiting dreadful catastrophes on anyone who refuses to advance her career. A hanged scene shifter is suddenly hideously dropped on to the stage in the middle of a performance. A vast crystal chandelier crashes on to the audience. As the phantom becomes more fiendish so Christine becomes increasingly mixed in her feelings towards him. A dreadful climax is fast approaching. The eerie sets of the unfolding drama great stages filled with mist and shining candles are interspersed with all the colour and spectacle of the operas being prepared and presented at the theatre. Despite all the ghost train theatricals the greatest thrills of the show come from Michael Crawford. He not only sings superbly but also captures the torment of the Phantom perfectly. If you only see one show this year, make sure it is this one! (Blake, J, 1986) In 2002, The Times wrote: Long-runners One answer is obvious: Maria Bjà ¶rnson’s stunning designs. The story, based on Gaston Leroux’s novel, begins on the Paris Opera’s stage in 1911. The building is dusty and neglected, the stage festooned with great swags of grey fabric. Old theatrical props are being auctioned off. Then, as the auctioneer announces the final lot — the opera’s enormous chandelier — the dustsheets fall away, the scene seems almost to dissolve and the theatre travels back in time to 1881 before our very eyes. It’s a vision of gaudy grandeur: gas lamps flicker, red velvet glows in the light and plaster nymphs and satyrs frolic on pillars. The opera is dogged by misfortunes that are rumoured to be the work of the Phantom, a malevolent figure who haunts the theatre. This sinister creature has become obsessed with Christine Daaà ©, a pretty chorus girl. But only cadaverous Madame Giry, the formidable ballet mistress, knows the terrible secret that lies behind the mask the Phantom wears. The musical’s best sequence occurs when the Phantom leads Christine through labyrinthine passages to his lair beyond a hidden lake underneath the building. As their boat glides over the misty water, surrounded by flickering candles, the effect is breathtaking. The problem is that this spectacle takes place early on and nothing afterwards can really compete. Harold Prince’s direction is slick and Gillian Lynne’s choreography effective, but Lloyd Webber’s music is often trite and dated. There’s little depth to any of the characters, either, yet the musical’s central relationship intrigues. For while Christine is Beauty to the Phantom’s Beast, she is haunted, not only by the opera ghost, but by the memory of her dead violinist father. This lends a pleasingly perverse Freudian twist to the erotic tension between the two characters, and the performers John Owen-Jones and Celia Graham make the most of it. Not only are they both excellent singers, they are fine actors too. Graham brings both passion and a childlike neediness to her portrayal of Christine. Owen-Jones uses his rich, powerful voice to great effect, crooning one moment, spitting bitterness the next. But the real star of the show is Bjà ¶rnson’s work. The designer died earlier this month, aged 53, and if Phantom has stood the test of time, it’s because of her. It is not the music audiences will remember; it’s the opera’s chandelier swinging crazily over the stalls, or a masked figure crouched menacingly over a gilded angel. And for those images alone, this show is still worth seeing. (Marlowe, S,   2002) The New York Times revisited the Phantom in 2005 and wrote this review: New York Times revisits the Phantom Old and Ghostly but Still a Hoot The paint on the balconies of the Majestic Theater looks chipped and the electronic drum machine sounds like something left over from a music video from the 1980s. But The Phantom of the Opera really shows its age (17 years and running) when the signature special effect is presented. Musicals have opened and closed in the time it takes that chandelier to lumber to the floor. Looking like one of Ed Woods teetering flying saucers, it crashes to the stage with the force of a shopping cart, the biggest, most extravagant anticlimax in town. Seventeen years later: Sandra Joseph and Hugh Panaro are now playing the roles of Christine and the Phantom. Under the fearsome shadow of Hugh Panaro in The Phantom of the Opera. But what do you expect? It was designed during the Reagan administration. For a top-of-the-line chandelier, you will have to wait for the $40 million production of Phantom opening in Las Vegas next spring. But if the technology of the Broadway show seems a bit quaint, the real news is that the rest of the production has grown old gracefully. Judging by sheer invention, emotional punch and onstage talent, the venerable blockbuster still beats out almost all of the whippersnappers currently on Broadway. Maria Bjornsons flamboyant gothic design and Harold Princes fantastical staging still have the gleam of finely polished professionalism. Led by the current Phantom (there have been 10 after Michael Crawford), Hugh Panaro, an up-and-coming musical theater star who finds the right mix of shock and schmaltz, most of the cast retains the freshness of opening night. That does not mean that Andrew Lloyd Webber haters, a large and very grumpy contingent, will be won over. Sorry, The Music of the Night hasnt changed. Nor has Charles Harts bumbling lyrics (You have brought me to that moment when words run dry). But for those sentimental souls looking for a popular entertainment to transport them to a baroque, romantic new world with a powerful smoke machine, Phantom, Im happy to report, still delivers the goods. Which is especially impressive, given that not long ago, the musical seemed to be on its last legs. By the fall of 2003, its peers Miss Saigon, Cats and Les MisÃÆ' ©rables had faded away. Ticket sales were down and rumors of its demise were common around Broadway. Flash-forward to today: crowds are lined up around the corner to see the show, which regularly sells out. Last week, 99 percent of the seats were filled. In January, barring a strike, disaster or nuclear holocaust, Phantom will eclipse Cats as the longest-running show in Broadway history. What happened? For one thing, it received a boost from Joel Schumachers film version of the musical, which opened in December. Even though it wasnt a smash hit, the movie introduced a new audience to the show (as evidenced by the large number of young girls at the Majestic) and reminded old ones how superior the musical is. In fact, the bombastic film may be the only thing that makes the musical look understated. Mr. Prince, who continues to oversee casting and reportedly checks up on the show every few months, deserves credit for tending to it with care. When the box office dipped, he never panicked and cast a former Backstreet Boy for a short-term boost in sales. Unlike so many long-running shows, Phantom has not resorted to stunt casting. Although dont be surprised if Mr. Panaro, who has been rumored on theater Web sites as the choice to star in Lestat, Elton Johns vampire musical heading to Broadway next season, becomes a household name someday. A young, charismatic actor, he brings a maniacal energy and Grand Guignol charm to the tortured Phantom. In his hands, the show concentrates more on the horror than the romance; but only once does he turn to the audience and growl which, considering how scenery chewing this role could be, counts as admirable restraint. Surrounding him is a solid supporting cast who deliver disciplined performances free of the lazy flourishes that sneak into a role when an actor becomes bored by repetition. As the diva Carlotta, Anne Runolfsson flashes a hundred-watt smile and shows off a richly textured voice in the opening song, Think of Me. Jeff Keller and George Lee Andrews, the only actors with major roles who have been with the company since the beginning, are marvelous as the nervous theater managers who made the mistake of buying the Paris Opera House. In 2001, Mr. Prince had them switch roles to keep things fresh. Sandra Joseph (who doesnt perform Wednesday evenings or Saturday matinees) is perfectly competent as Christine, although in her scenes with the Phantom she can come off as a bit bland. As her other love interest, Raoul, a terribly underwritten role, Tim Martin Gleason provides a strong voice and a stiff performance. In the romantic songs, ones mind easily wanders to the bitingly funny Lloyd Webber parody in Spamalot, which droned on and on until the stars looked tired of their own voices. Then again, the winking and eyebrow-raising in satirical musical comedies like Spamalot and The Producers are part of what makes the proudly melodramatic and unironic Phantom a nice change of pace. The musical may seem as if it is from a different time, but thats not necessarily a bad thing. (Zinoman, J, 2005) Personal Review:    The Broadway production of The Phantom of the Opera captures your attention right from the start and then you will be you will be drawn into a mysterious world of horror, romance and tragedy. Your journey keeps you spellbound through resonating songs sung by a handpicked cast, Maria Bjornsons magnificent sets and costumes to both delight and frighten you. Gaston Leroux’s gothic novel comes to life through Andrew Lloyd’s Webbers’ Phantom.   The musical beautifully combines a mixture of genres, performed through opera, leaving the audience entrapped in a tragic tale of love. Whether you are recovering from fright or floating on Phantoms’ songs – this musical will keep, you entertained, wistful and somewhat disturbed leaving you thoughtful as to who should triumph in the end. New fans and old are still being enraptured by the phenomenon of The Phantom.       Works Cited: Blake, J, (1986) It’s fantastic, fabulous and phantasmagorical!, The Daily Mirror U.K. Retrieved 04/18/2007, http://www.thephantomoftheopera.com/poto/news_mediareviews_story.php?id=38 Leroux, G. n.d. Quotation Phantom of the Opera Official Site. Retrieved 04/18/2007, http://www.thephantomoftheopera.com/poto/show/the_show_history_filmography.php Marlowe, S, (2002), Long Runners, The Times, UK.   Retrieved 04/18/2007 http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/article805339.ece Zinoman, J, (2005), New York Times revisits the Phantom: Old and Ghostly but Still a Hoot, The New York Times, USA.   Retrieved 04/18/2007 http://www.thephantomoftheopera.com/poto/news_mediareviews_story.php?id=216    Bibliography: Paris Opera House (n.d.), Music of the 19th Century Paris, Opera. Retrieved 04/18/2007 http://gallery.sjsu.edu/paris/music/opera/opera_house.html The Phantom of the Opera (n.d.), Official Website.   Retrieved 04/17/2007, http://www.thephantomoftheopera.com